Transliteration

Common words are not transliterated, such as Islam, Quran, Allah, Muhammad, Hadith (in these examples the transliteration would be: Islām, Qur’ān, Allāh, Muḥammad, and Ḥadīth). Some names may be trans­literated only to the extent of placing the ‘bar’ over the letters a, i, or u, to indicate that the vowel is long, as a guide to pronun­ciation. Full transliteration marks are used when the exact form of a word or phrase in Arabic needs to be repre­sented, and in all such cases that text is printed in italics.

Sources and references

All references without an indication of the name of the source are to the Holy Quran. The chapter (sūrah) and verse numbers are shown, with a colon between the chapter number and the verse number or numbers. Wherever the Quran is quoted, the reference to it is added immediately thereafter. Other references, to the Quran and other sources, are generally provided in notes which, for every chapter, are grouped together at the end of the chapter. See also the section Sources and References at page here.